Americas Post-Civil War Growing Pains - 1122 Words

| America’s Post-Civil War Growing Pains | Assignment 1 | Michelle Lepri | Professor Lisa Hawkins | 7/20/2012 | There were two major turning points during this period were the Reconstruction and Industrialization. The civil wars ended in 1865 and with the end of the civil war bought Reconstruction to the south from 1865 to 1877. The physical rebuilding of the southern region began quickly and progressed rapidly, but reconstructing southern society was much more difficult process, especially considering the political question about how to integrate rebel states back into the nations and the social question about how to integrate 4 million newly freed slaves. (Shultz 2012) In 1863, Lincoln had issued his Ten-Percent Plan, which†¦show more content†¦(Shultz, 2012) Living in the city was the most fashionable place to live during the middle of the 19th century. Merchants, Lawyers and manufacturers built substantial townhouses on the main though fares within walking distance of the docks, warehouses, offices, courts and shops where they worked. (Urbanization) There were many others that lived in tenement housing that was owned by your employer. The problem with these homes is that they didn’t have adequate plumbing, no indoor plumbing or water supply, most were shared pumps and wells in back alleys. (Shultz, 2012) This was how many disease spread because of so many people living in such a small amount of room. These factories were unsafe and the workdays so long and grueling, that many workers died each year. Between 1880 and 1900 an average of 35,000 workers died each year. (Shultz, 2012) The long standing problem in the United States from this era to present day is discrimination. Immigrants came from all over and were welcomed into the American way of life, but when the put into play Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 which banned the immigration of Chinese labor for ten years. This was the first time in history that any person was denied access to the United States. During this time even know they freed the slaves white landowners still had always interacted to segregation. Black Codes was a law that wasShow MoreRelatedReconstruction and Industrialization1446 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1: â€Å"America’s Post-Civil War Growing Pains† Reconstruction and Industrialization 1865-1900 Four years after the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter the Civil War ended with the Union’s Victory over the Confederacy. Though the war was over, there were still many problems that needed to be resolved in order to reunite the states as a nation. The time period in which steps were taken to rebuild the nation is known as reconstruction. Reconstruction lasted from 1865 until 1877. TheRead MoreThe Invention Of The Cotton Gin1976 Words   |  8 Pagesinstead of their parents realizing that their children could get a better job if they let them go to school because the children are supposed to be able to play and get an education not work for people in coal mines and cotton factories and It caused pain for the kids and it was unfair to the children and Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. SlaveryRead MoreA Brief Note On Islamophobia, The Prejudice Against Muslims1343 Words   |  6 PagesIslamophobia, the prejudice against Muslims, has become an increasing social injustice issue in post 9/11 America. Although the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers are what sparked the racism and hateful acts directed at Muslims, the unfair treatment and intolerance has grown worse in the past year alone since the growing public awareness of ISIS. Many Americans are uneducated on the facts outside of what they hear from the media, and they do not recognize a difference between Islamic extremists andRead MoreThe Fear Of Black Male Sexuality1537 Words   |  7 Pageswhite male known to be sexually involved with a Black female, a Black male, and a Black male known to be sexually involved with a white female. The results showed that the subjects were more inclined to cheat with both Black victims thus inflicting pain at a greater degree than when the victim was white. Saint-Aubin, Flannigan. Testeria: The Dis-ease of Black Men in White Supremacist, Patriarchal Culture. Callaloo Vol. 17.14 (1994): 1054-073. Web. Since the arrival of African slaves in JamestownRead MoreLife Interview Review Essay3177 Words   |  13 PagesWalker has lived through several historical events. She recalls the World War II as an event that affected her early childhood. Her parents received rations of food and clothing from the federal government, which limited their material possessions. She stated this was the time she first realized that she was poor. Like other African Americans, the Jim Crow laws affected almost every aspect social of life during pre -civil rights movements. She can remember instances of racism where she was servedRead MoreEssay about Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now2282 Words   |  10 Pages1970s explored the traditional modes of melodramatic expression in order to address the socially charged times they lived in. Filmed in the wake of the Vietnam War, Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now is a complex treatise of human morality and modern warfare that expresses itself through melodram atic conventions. Coppola contained his war movie to the personal level, in order to make larger criticisms of the Vietnam conflict. The central narrative, based on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, followsRead MoreSyrian Refugee Crisis And The United States1794 Words   |  8 Pagesprotesters began firing back. This was the beginning of the five-year ongoing civil war in Syria. So, you have this Middle Eastern region essentially split into two fractions: the rebels, which consist of the Syrian protesters, the Gulf States, and the United States. On the other hand, you have Assad, with Iran and Russia firmly in his corner. Suddenly, it’s turned into a â€Å"Great Powers† dispute reminiscent of the Cold War era. In August of 2013, Assad used chemical weapons against civilians to diminishRead MoreBlack Identity And The American Dream1756 Words   |  8 Pagesundeniable that history has given â€Å"blackness† various underlying connotations—impoverished, uneducated, and as being the â€Å"below of [the] country† (Coates 106). The influence began as early as the onset of the Civil War, when â€Å"stolen† black bodies were an accepted form of currency and even America’s finest leaders were experts of the trade (Coates 101). America became no stranger to destroying the black body in the process—it became a form of heritage by definition (Coates 103). The soon-to-follow EmancipationRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Great Gatsby 2501 Words   |  11 Pagesinfluential novels and short stories into American literature. The movement lasted for about fifty years, beginning around 1850 and ending in 1900. This was a huge time of change in America, with rising tensions between the North and South, the Civil War, westward expansion, and The Great Migration. Cities were quickly expanding and teaming with people looking for homes. Factory jobs were rapidly replacing farming and many Americans lived in city slums. Authors adapted to these changing timesRead More American Intervention in WWII Essay2178 Words   |  9 Pages World War II is generally viewed to be a moral war, or, as Howard Zinn would put it, â€Å"a good war.† This conventional impression of World War II results from American propaganda, along with misinterpretations of related events. Quite the contrary, the United States’ foreign policy, especially during World War II, was driven by imperialist goals rather than humanitarian concern. These foreign interventions are usually justified using political ideologies that advocate the spread of democracy

Is Going Green Nothing More Than a Marketing Gimmick Free Essays

Running head: MARKETING GIMMICK 1 Is Going Green Nothing More Than a Marketing Gimmick? Ong Shi Meng MARKETING GIMMICK 2 Is Going Green Nothing More Than a Marketing Gimmick? â€Å"Marketing† has a lexical definition, which is â€Å"theory and practice of commercial selling†, whereas the persuasive definition is â€Å"the activities of promoting products or services in order to gain profits or other advantages by changing consumers’ attitudes towards a brand†. Green marketing is somewhat similar, but it is the activities of promoting products or services that are presumed to be eco-friendly. There are many perspectives on green marketing, for example, it is just a marketing strategy of a corporate and it is mainly targeting on consumers who are concern of environmental issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Going Green Nothing More Than a Marketing Gimmick or any similar topic only for you Order Now To put it simply, a business is utilizing green marketing tactics when their marketing message is targeting the eco-conscious members of the target market, for example, a Web hosting provider markets itself as environmentally friendly to prospective customers by touting the fact that their facilities is run by wind or solar power. Another example would be in food marketing, where you’ll find products marketed as organic or pushing the fact that it’s from local farmers (meaning less preservatives and less waste in transporting the food). Essentially, the marketing campaign revolves to some degree around appealing to a consumer base trying to be more environmentally friendly. While my overall outlook on green marketing is a positive one, because of its consumer-driven and often altruistic to at least a degree, I do think there’s a flip-side where certain green marketing techniques are simply gimmicks. First, there’s green-washing, the false claims about environmental issues to raise concerns with the public, convincing them there’s a problem that may not even exist, and then pushing your product as a solution. In this case, consumers who fall for the trick are committing the fallacy of inappropriate appeal to authority. According to McGraw-Hill (2012), the fallacy means we look to an authority in a MARKETING GIMMICK 3 field other than that under investigation. Similarly, consumers tend to buy green products from an authority that is not specialized or professional in environmental issues. This is just deceitful, and we’re in a day and age now where it’s very likely you’ll be caught and publicly exposed. Lie is a deliberate attempt to mislead without prior consent of the target (McGraw-Hill, 2012). I also think the premium prices for green products will eventually become a thing of the past. As people come to  expect  more products to be environmentally friendly, their willingness to pay more (looking at the items as special in some way) will diminish. However, with the demand rooted in personal convictions, I don’t think the demand for green products will fade to match that price issue – companies will find a way to go green for less. When it comes to green marketing, the real key is to be sincere. If you truly care about the environment, and are acting out of that concern first and foremost, consumers will notice. Taking actions is definitely more effective than using emotive language, language that is purposely chosen to elicit certain emotional impact in order to promote products which might be useless for consumers. Focus on building a more sustainable business beyond simply being able to increase prices or appeal to the eco-savvy markets. MARKETING GIMMICK 4 References McGraw-Hill. (2012). Think. New York: NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies. How to cite Is Going Green Nothing More Than a Marketing Gimmick, Papers

Too Much Pressure free essay sample

My mother has always been my most adamant supporter. She has encouraged and motivated me so that I would do almost anything to please her, including sustaining all the pressures that she and my father put on me to succeed. At a young age, I realized that my parents depend on me to become everything that they have always wanted to become themselves. My mother never had a chance to complete her education because of difficult family situations. She has put all her unrealized hopes and dreams on my shoulders, a seventeen-year-old. I have always been labeled as the child fated to be more than they. My siblings resented me and I, in turn, resented my parents for the added pressure of being the one that will be everything. Even with the resentment I carried around, I still tried hard to remain on top of my grades through elementary and middle school because I didnt want to disappoint them. We will write a custom essay sample on Too Much Pressure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My father would actually gloat when I brought home a perfect grade. It felt like he earned the grade, not me. He would offer me a simple Congratulations and then walk away. He would brag to his friends and co-workers, but never say any more than well done to me. I remember when I did not get the highest grade, and received a score less than perfect by my fathers standards. I wished for a heartfelt I am proud of you or a hug and kiss, but instead was asked the question, Where are the other ten points ? Crushed beyond belief, I would laugh it off and pretend that I did not care. But I cared more than I thought. My mother would see the hurt and come into my bedroom and tell me she was proud of me. Her encouragement took away some of the pain. It kept me determined to strive for all that she had envisioned for me. As my final year of high school comes to a close, and my college career approaches, my mother is becoming more and more aggressive in her desires for me to succeed. She doesnt seem to realize that her positive comments which are intended to inspire me, terrify me because I am afraid of disappointing her and my father. I know I am ready for the college experience. I am mature enough, independent, and strong. I keep having nightmares of failing out of school or not becoming the success they thought I would be. It is so hard to overcome this fear. I know what it takes; I guess right now I am nervous about the unknown. I have to trust my judgment and let go of the demands of my parents. I will live my dreams and become the success that I want to be.

Tutoring free essay sample

The dreadful smell of the tiny apartment almost made me gag. I held my breath until I met the refugee family from Afghanistan. I thought tutoring two girls from Afghanistan would be a great experience. There names are Wajiha and Nazifa. My mom found out about the tutoring opportunity through our church. When we went to help them, I went with my mom and my brother. We would see them each week and spend an hour teaching them. Usually I would help one of the girls, my brother would help the other, and my mom would help their mother. Every now and then we would rotate to spend time with everyone. When we all visited them, not only did we tutor them, but we got to know many things about them as well. They told us that they pray five times a day, their parents choose the husband, and they introduced some spicy foods they eat. We will write a custom essay sample on Tutoring or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I learned that public display of affection is more acceptable in our country than theirs. They are also more modest in the way they dress, wearing longer clothes and covering up their body. Moving from Afghanistan to the U.S must have been difficult for them because they lost most of their family, friends, and their possessions. When they came to the U.S not knowing any English, I was there to help them. It was tough communicating with them at first, but I didn’t give up. I started by teaching them simple and practical words, like objects around the house. We worked on reading children’s books, spelling words and eventually I helped them with their homework. I loved seeing how they progressed. It hasn’t been easy for Wajiha and Nazifa as they didn’t have any friends and didn’t really know who to turn to. I tried relating to what they have gone through, and it’s impossible. Change isn’t that easy for me, so I admire their strength and courage. It took a lot of bravery to leave behind loved ones for a better life in America. I’m glad I didn’t back out of this whole experience because of the way their apartment smelled or how small it was. I am happy I helped the family out and could make a difference in their lives. The girls are currently working at Taco Bell and have worked there two years. They are also making plans to go to WCTC. Tutoring has been very rewarding. I often ask myself, â€Å"Who got more out of the experience, us or them?†

Clients Want Longer Articles †Heres How to Write Them Quickly

Clients Want Longer Articles - Heres How to Write Them Quickly When I first started writing blogs for my clients, everyone thought shorter was better. Then a few years ago, things changed. In  their analysis  of one million Google search results in September 2016, SEO top resource Backlinko discovered that longer, more comprehensive content significantly outperformed shallow content. â€Å"Writing comprehensive, in-depth content can help you rank higher in Google,† they concluded. Some of my clients got wise to this fact, and started asking me to make their typical 500-word posts a little longer. I also landed a couple of new clients who wanted posts that were 1,500 –2,000 words or even 3,000+. (I found these companies wanting regular blog posts on  ProBlogger  and  Freelance Writing Jobs.) The good news is that a freelance writer can earn much more with these longer articles, as clients are willing to pay more. The bad news is, if it takes you too long to write them, you won’t increase your earning power. So how do you push these things out quickly without sacrificing quality? 5 Tips to Write Longer Articles, Faster First, realize that you can’t just add more fluff and make it work. You have to add some real meat to these articles, and that usually means research. It’s the research that can get you into trouble, as it tends to take longer than the actual writing. Try the following five tips to help you get the article done in a profitable time. 1.  Ã‚     Drill down on what the client wants.  If the client asks for 10 ways to do X, realize that the bulk of your article needs to be about those 10 ways. Don’t make the mistake of spending too long on your intro or on any explanations. Zero in on exactly what the client needs, and don’t waste time on any extraneous information. 2.  Ã‚     Save the intro for last.  This tip really helps me. I don’t write the intro until the article is done. That way, I get right to the information the client really wants, and I don’t waste time on an intro that is usually expendable anyway. 3.  Ã‚     Outline before you start.  I’m not talking about an extensive outline here. Usually I scroll to about mid-page and create a down-and-dirty outline, something like, â€Å"Intro, What Is X?, 10 Ways (listing each solution), and Conclusion.† Do some preliminary skimming research to find support for the meat of your article, and list those in the outline before you start writing. It will help you move faster. 4.  Ã‚     Break it into three.  Let’s say the blog post isn’t a list, but a post about a certain topic, like Alzheimer’s disease in women. Decide the main point of the article- how the disease acts differently in women than in men, for example. Then break the article into three parts: a) what is Alzheimer’s?, b) 3-5 ways it differs in women, c) and future research. Add an intro and conclusion and you’re good to go. The rule of three most always works to keep you efficient in your research. 5.  Ã‚     Give yourself limited time.  It’s amazing how this works- if you give yourself three hours to write a 2,500-word article, it will take you three hours. So challenge yourself. Give yourself two hours, or ninety minutes, and see if you can do it. In general, the more time you allow, the more time it takes. A challenging deadline helps you focus and work faster. Using these five tips, you can increase your efficiency and productivity with longer blog posts or articles, and become invaluable to your clients, which is great for your bottom line. Sources Brian Dean, â€Å"We Analyzed 1 Million Google Search Results. Here’s What We Learned About SEO,† Backlinko, September 2, 2016,  https://backlinko.com/search-engine-ranking.

How to Use the French Preposition Chez

How to Use the French Preposition Chez Anyone who has eaten at a French  restaurant  is familiar with the  French preposition  chez  since its often used with the name of the chef, as in  Chez Laura.  It is loosely translated as  at or in the  home or business place  of and can be used in a number of circumstances, including location or state of mind, as well as in common idiomatic expressions. This phrase has even crept into English, where its frequently used in restaurant names such as the iconic Chez Panisse in Berkeley, Calif. Uses and Examples Chez  is most commonly used to refer to a home or business, but it can also be employed to characterize someone or something or as part of an expression. For example:      chez mon oncle   at / to my uncles house  Ã‚  Ã‚  chez moi   at home, at / to my house  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carole est chez elle.   Carole is at home.      chez le mà ©decin   at / to the doctors (office)     chez lavocat   at / to the lawyers office      chez le boucher   at / to the butcher shop  Ã‚  Ã‚  chez le coiffeur   at / to the barbershop, hairdresser     une robe de chez Dior  Ã‚  Ã‚  a Dior dress,  a dress designed by Dior     (une coutume) chez les Franà §ais (a custom) among the French  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest typique chez les politiciens.  Its typical of politicans.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒâ€¡a se trouve souvent chez les vaches.  You often find that among cows.     chez les Grecs   in  ancient Greece / among the ancient Greeks     chez la femme in women / among women      Chez lui, cest une habitude   Its a habit with him.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest bizarre chez un enfant.   Thats strange for a child.      chez Molià ¨re   in Molià ¨res work / writing     chez Van Gogh   in Van Goghs art       chacun chez soi     everyone should look to his own affairs      cest une coutume  / un accent bien de chez nous  Ã‚  its a typical local custom/accent  Ã‚     Ã‚  chez-soi at home     Ã‚  fais comme chez toi   make yourself at home     Ã‚  In an address:  chez M. Durand  Ã‚  care of Mr.  Durand  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  elle la raccompagnà © chez lui   pied   she walked him home        elle la raccompagnà © chez lui en voiture she gave him a lift / a ride home     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     rentrer chez soi  / rester chez soi to go home / to stay at home

Internship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Internship - Essay Example Having worked with MGL, I have gained a lot of experience about designing especially in the outdoor environment. During the internship period I developed a marketing strategy for the company in which I advised on building eco- friendly buildings. My internship application was accepted without any problem since I explained my intention of consulting on eco-friendly ways of building & construction. Certainly now the company has enormous information on advantages of having green buildings. Notably, having a LEED certificate is a big achievement as it alters the way we think in when it comes to designing buildings. There are many benefits for construction companies with LEED certification. One of the benefits is lowering operating costs which is brought about because green buildings tend to have renewable sources of energy such as solar. With this equipment’s installed the cost of power is lowered thus bringing about energy savings in the organization. This is a great advantage to the business as the costs of operation go down while sales go upwards. It should be noted that the only one way for a company to be recognized as having gone green is to obtain the LEED certification. Utilizing green technologies in building and construction presents an opportunity of protecting the environment. MGL Construction Company has 20 workers currently and they exhibit a lot of teamwork. I was significantly involved in the preparation of documents about the LEED certificate and advising on advantages of green buildings. During my internship work the company was building a restaurant in Denver. The environment has been subjected to many injustices in the recent past owing to industrial development, urbanization and settlements. Green building technologies present one of the most important steps in the direction of mitigating the situation. Typically, many people living in major towns in developed and developing countries are in unhealthy

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions - Essay Example QUESTION TWO In his poem, ‘Puerto Rican obituary,’ Pedro Pietri urges the New York Puerto Rican community to switch to their own imaginations instead of turning to the televisions that are only filled with American influence. As reflected from the tone in the twenty third stanzas, the author makes several suggestions to the New York Puerto Ricans. He argues that the Puerto Ricans should solely rely on Latina souls as the sole religious background for their race, and not on the bibles. The New York Puerto Ricans ought to have learnt from the manner in which their fellow citizens were buried shamefully; â€Å"without underwear’s† as he claims. Pedro concludes his poem by stating that, living the Puerto Rican mode of life; where beautiful people work, sing and dance together is way much better. The weather conditions are favorable and they do a need a dictionary to communicate to each other. QUESTION THREE Most Puerto Ricans in the poem went to America with dr eams of living a luxurious life, and earning hefty pay, only to end up as well trained janitors who were laughed at. Those from the island spent their last days working as porters, maids, factory workers, stock and shipping clerks, messenger boys, and mailroom assistants. They only ended up in their island cemetery after all the hard work. The situation is no different from the case in ‘Chango fire’ by Quinonez. ... The seller gave her instructions on how to perform a ritual as she was supplied with the required items. Despite her attack by some boys in the park she was able to get home and perform her ritual. The ritual revealed that she should go back to Santeria with her mother. Lourdes also some magical encounters; as she was an auxiliary policeman she would encounters her father’s spirit on a regular basis. Felicia suffers physical abuse from her husband Hugo Villaverde. Hugo constantly vanishes from her life; he later on infects her with syphilis. Felicia attempts to kill him in his sleep by dropping a torched rag on his face; Hugo decides to disappear completely. At an early age Felicia befriended the high priest daughter; Herminia Delgado. She helps guide Felicia into their religion. Felicia constantly descends into madness: During her second pregnancy, after the death of Ernestro, of which she had to leave Santeria. She did not know her identity and she suffered memory lose for m onths. After the death of her third husband, Felicia returned to Santeria and embraces priesthood. QUESTION FIVE In relation to revolutionary affiliations; Celia portrays an unwavering support for El Lider and the revolution. She uses her role as the Santeria judge in the peoples court, to suppress creative work. She only gathers support from her son Javier. Her perception distances her from Lourdes, Felicia and Pillar of whom she was close to. Lourdes is also distant from her own daughter Pillar due to her anxiety for the pro U.S. patriotism. However Lourdes defends her daughter when she painted a punk statue of liberty for those that were not veiling. The impact of this political division was so significant that

Physics of Soccer Essay Example for Free

Physics of Soccer Essay For my topic I chose to explain some of the physics involved in the sport of soccer. I chose soccer because I have played it my whole life and it is one of my favorite sports. I thought it would be interesting to learn about some of the physics involved in something that I do almost everyday and has been a big part of my life for as long as I can remember. My poster depicts the physics involved in kicking, the ball rolling across the field, and bending the ball. Kicking a soccer ball involves transferring kinetic energy, or movement, from your leg to the ball. The energy you apply into the ball combines with the stored energy already present combining to create a velocity that is even faster than the object that hit it (your leg). Factors such as initial velocity of the ball (if it wasn’t stopped) and air resistance as well as the speed at which your leg hits the ball all also contribute to the velocity of the ball. As the ball rolls down the field its momentum is slowed by opposite forces acting on it called friction. The longer the grass on the field that you are playing, the greater the friction will be. This is why grass is kept short on soccer fields, to reduce the interference friction has on the speed at which the ball moves. Bending the ball involves many different factors and physics concepts. As you kick the ball slightly off center you create a horizontal spin. This causes the air on one side of the ball to move more quickly than the other. The side with the faster moving air has less pressure than the side with the slower moving air causing the ball to bend. While there were many concepts and topics involved in the sport of soccer I chose my favorites and the ones I found most interesting. I especially like the explanation of why the ball bends when you hit it a certain way because that is one of my favorite things to do.

The DEA :: essays research papers

On our planet, phenomena’s occur occasionally in nature. Tornadoes, earthquakes, and flashfloods are all types of phenomena’s that could occur. Most of these mysterious events are small and go unnoticed; however, on a rare occasion these sorts of event can be horrendous. One such occasion occurred back around 4,000 BC (Werner Keller, 48). As the story goes, God’s population was growing rapidly on earth. At this point, he had been growing bored with the same people on earth so he made sure no man would live past the age of 120. Given this time, the people of earth started to take advantage of the human race; these acts of selfishness disgusted God. He decided to destroy everything on earth. A man by the name of Noah had lived his life by God’s nature, which eventually led to a close relationship between the two. God had told Noah to build a boat with exact measurements. God had instructed Noah to put two of every kind of animal into the boat; one had to be male and the other female. Then God told Noah to get into the boat with his family, their families, and the animals. Then for forty days and forty nights the clouds seemed to have poured endless amounts of water onto the earth (Genesis 6:1-9). Floods rushed through the landscape, destroying everything in its path. The waters were higher than the tallest mountains, standing above the highest peaks. All living things on earth had died. The water covered the earth at this level for five months (Paul S. Taylor, 1). In time the water began to dry up. Eventually Noah was able to leave the ship and release all he had brought with him. From this point, evolution occurs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of the great flood has been debated many times as far as its historical accuracy. Many experts seem to think that such an event would be unnatural while others believe that this great worldwide flood actually did occur. In today’s society, more people are beginning to question catastrophic events that occur in nature. This great flood seems to be a very common example of this. This research paper will investigate the Holy Bible’s reliability as scientific and historical literature by focusing on its recording of the great flood. Many people are interested in these world phenomena’s; this paper will aim to end some of the controversy about this particular phenomenon.

How does Elizabeth Bennet contradict the typical image of an 18th century woman? Essay

The 18th century women of Jane Austen’s pages and of her times lived a gentle, sheltered and delicate life. The rules of conduct especially in relation to women were defined and strict. All women were expected to be courteous, decent, fragile, polite, refined, modest and respectable, have â€Å"good breeding†, impeccable manners and perfect social etiquette. Women were limited to very few activities- mainly drawing, singing and dancing. They had to be accomplished in every sense of the word. An accomplished â€Å"woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing and the modern languages to deserve the word: and besides all this she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word will be half deserved.† Such were the requirements that society asked of every woman if she wanted to hold a place of her own in the marriage rat race. Elizabeth Bennet, the twenty-year-old heroine of the novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and the second oldest of the Bennet sisters, has all these qualities in her. However she is superior to all the other women that are presented to us in the novel. She is ‘accomplished’ and beautiful but unlike other women, she does not show-off at every opportunity. She is not a hypocrite or a snob like Caroline Bingley, or â€Å"ignorant, idle and vain† like her youngest sister Lydia or tactless and insensitive like her own mother, who is the butt of her husband’s sarcasm. Elizabeth is the fast favourite of her father and has inherited his wit, intelligence and independence. Through Elizabeth, Jane Austen mocks the snobbery, hypocrisy and materialism of many people like Caroline Bingley, Lady Catherine, Mrs. Bennet and Mr. Collins. Elizabeth is fully aware of the shortcomings of her mother and her younger sisters. She is ashamed at her mother’s embarrassing lack of refinement and discretion, which are demonstrated firstly at the Netherfield ball when she makes a premature public announcement that Jane Bennet is to marry Mr. Charles Bingley, and secondly, by her disdainful treatment of Mr. Darcy, her social superior. Mrs. Bennet’s lack of good breeding, intelligence and sense of humour is very evident. â€Å"The solace† of her life was â€Å"visiting and news†. She loved a good gossip, which is rather typical of a woman- 18th century or otherwise. Gossiping was a major pastime for women and we can see how fast information gets around town. Mrs. Philips, the sister of Mrs. Bennet, provides her with the gossip around Meryton. It was Mrs. Philips who informed Mrs. Bennet about Mr. Bingley buying Netherfield, the talk around Meryton about Lydia’s scandal and Mr. Bingley’s return to Netherfield. However not all women indulged in gossip. We do not see Jane or Elizabeth interfering with other people’s business. â€Å"If it was to be a secret, say not another word on the subject. You may depend on my seeking no further.† Their attitude differs from their mother. Then again, it was a ‘necessity’ for Mrs. Bennet to keep tabs on everything going around because any information might help in race to get her five daughters married off. We can see the importance of marriage in the 18th century clearly through Mrs. Bennet and Mrs. Lucas. Their main occupation is arranging for their daughters to be married to rich husbands. This desire governs Mrs. Bennet’s life. â€Å"The business of her life was to get her daughters married.† The immoral behaviour of her youngest daughter Lydia is of no importance to her once the wedding had been announced. Instead Mrs. Bennet’s immediate concern is the wedding clothes which Lydia may buy after she is married. However Mrs. Bennet’s desire to get her daughters married off as soon as possible are based on economic facts since they would not inherit any money after their father’s death. Wealth was the main criteria for a ‘successful’ and ‘secure’ marriage and that was what Mrs. Bennet, like all other mothers, looked for in prospective grooms. Love and happiness did not matter much or in fact, at all. As Elizabeth’s best friend Charlotte Lucas put it â€Å"Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance.† This was a very common attitude in the 18th century. Charlotte accepts the proposal of Mr. Collins, a pompous and foolish man even though she knows that the two of them are incompatible. However she is a practical and sensible person and she is aware of her poor financial state and of her age, at twenty-seven she was considered to be an â€Å"old maid†, and thus was prepared to marry solely for the sake of money. This shows us that very few options were open to a woman in Charlotte’s position. She could either become a governess or a companion to a lady or just remain at home, reducing her younger sisters chances of being married. Jane Austen uses the theme of â€Å"Love and Marriage† to show us how the whole of a woman’s life revolved around marriage. From the time she is born, she is trained and tutored to be a â€Å"perfect wife†. She is thought how to sit, stand, walk, talk, eat, drink, dance, sing, draw, and sew in the hope of securing a good, wealthy husband. Elizabeth Bennet is perfect in her manners, her expressions and her â€Å"civility†. But I find her very different from the conventional 18th century woman because of her ideals on love and marriage. She has all the necessary ‘qualifications’ of an eligible spinster but chooses not to marry for the sake of it. Elizabeth remarks, â€Å"One has got all the goodness, the other all the appearance of it†, referring to Wickham and Darcy. Here the difference between appearance and reality is highlighted. The ease with which even sharp people like Elizabeth could be deceived by appearance was a real danger in Jane Austen’s society, with all its emphasis on manners and breeding, and with its strict code of public behaviour. People like Wickham who could â€Å"perform† well in public were judged on that rather than on their true characters. Elizabeth’s pride and her prejudice blind her to Wickham’s faults and lead her to accept his slanderous portrayal of Darcy.. â€Å"She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me;† is what Darcy said of Elizabeth at their first meeting. This hurt combined with the knowledge of Darcy’s hand in separating Jane and Bingley leaves Elizabeth with a strong dislike for Darcy. Therefore when Darcy proposes to her she is thunderstruck and dismisses him to be â€Å"the last man in the world I could be prevailed upon to marry†. I think Elizabeth’s rejection of Darcy’s proposal a very brave thing to do because it would have been considered sacrilege, keeping in mind the importance given to money in the 18th century. She impresses both Darcy and the readers with her wit and liveliness. Darcy, while maintaining that Elizabeth’s manners are â€Å"not those of the fashionable world†, is nevertheless attracted to her spirit and an independence of mind. However by the end of the novel Elizabeth accepts that not all â€Å"first impressions† can be taken at face value. We can see the themes of â€Å"Appearance versus Reality† and â€Å"Self-realization† being brought out. Elizabeth’s independence of spirit is show by her decision to walk to Netherfield in order to visit her sister. It is looked upon as a monstrous thing that Elizabeth Bennet should walk three miles on a country road, and Miss Bingley criticizes her exclaiming â€Å"to walk three miles, or whatever it is, above her ankles in dirt, and alone, quite alone! It seems to me to show an abominable sort of conceited independence, a most country-town indifference to decorum. She looked almost wild!† This sneering remark of Caroline Bingley shows us the typical 18th century woman mentality. Elizabeth’s behaviour is considered to be â€Å"unorthodox† and very â€Å"unladylike† since she walked, unescorted all the way from Meryton to Netherfield just to see her sick sister. This shows us that Elizabeth places her sister before any social rules of etiquette. Elizabeth’s affectionate nature is demonstrated by her close relationship with her elder sister Jane, whose sensitive and compassionate nature she admires. It has been suggested that Elizabeth and Jane’s relationship mirrors the close relationship the author had with her own sister Cassandra. However Jane is different from Elizabeth in her gentle nature, which is so pleasant and amiable that it is almost a failing due to her unquestioning acceptance of others. Elizabeth is more outspoken and prides herself to be a good judge of character. Her perception does not allow her to be taken in by the superficial and two- faced Caroline Bingley and Mrs. Hurst who are proud and rich and make their superior social rank known. They are introduced as â€Å"fine women with a decided air of fashion.† To belong to a family whose fortune was made in trade was to belong to an inferior class. It is ironic to see Miss Bingley and her sister criticizing Jane for having an uncle with trade connections, when their own fortune was gained through trade. In the 18th century society, Miss Bingley and her sister are called ‘ladies’ as they fulfill all the requirements: they have money, beauty and are accomplished. But as Elizabeth notes, with irony, that they were: â€Å"in every respect entitled to think well of themselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  their subsequent behaviour, particularly with regard to the Bennets is far from ‘ladylike’. Jane Austen here reveals the theme of â€Å"Appearance versus Reality† again and also shows us, through Miss Bingley behaviour, that ‘manners’ are a better indication of ‘breeding’ than birth into an upper-class family. The character of Lady Catherine de Bourgh proves this point again. She is an overbearing, self-important, and controlling aristocrat who has a narrow-minded, unpleasant and selfish manner. She feels that her rank as a ‘Lady’ gives her a right to meddle in other people’s affairs. Everyone is in awe of her except for Elizabeth, since she attaches little importance to rank for its own sake. Elizabeth stands up to her and senses that she must be the first person to ever have done so. This shows us that Elizabeth is not afraid to stand up for herself especially when Lady Catherine attempts to persuade her not to marry Darcy. Elizabeth’s defiance shocks Lady Catherine who makes her reasons for objecting to their marriage very clear. She says â€Å"honour, decorum, prudence, nay, interest, forbid it†- all reasons which Darcy had declared that he had overcome when he proposed to Elizabeth at Hunsford. Elizabeth’s choice of love reflects her desire to find a husband who matches her in terms of character and taste. Elizabeth’s relationship with Darcy is beyond what any other couples share in the novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†. The bond between Elizabeth and Darcy is â€Å"rationally founded†, based on â€Å"excellent understanding† and â€Å"general similarity of feeling and taste.† Elizabeth likes Darcy for the fact that he has no airs about him and he is honest, frank and very similar to her in character. Darcy in return is impressed by Elizabeth physical and mental energy and by her sharp wit and her ability to laugh at misfortune and her optimism. Jane Austen uses Elizabeth as her mouthpiece when she says, â€Å"I hope I never ridicule what is wise or good. Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can.† Elizabeth is like Jane Austen in that she is shown to be interested in the human character. Unlike other women of her times, Elizabeth has a good sense of humour and possesses the ability to laugh at herself. Austen’s sense of humour and intelligence allow her to show the reader the â€Å"follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies,† of her characters. The way Austen presents Lydia and Mrs. Bennet are a good example of this. She does this without being unfair, as she laughs not at them but at what they do. Her use of irony and satire are more serious; she uses them to show meaning without telling the reader directly and to make fun of things, especially those with social importance and meaning. The tone of â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† is li ght, satirical and vivid. We can still, despite the vast differences between her 18th century society and our own 21st century society, recognize ourselves in the way her characters think and behave. We all know people as cleverly manipulative and outwardly affectionate as Miss Bingley; as self-involved as Lady Catherine de Bourgh; and as charming but as lacking in principles as Wickham. We conceal ourselves with arrogance like Darcy; assume we understand more than we do like Elizabeth and revel in gossip Like Mrs. Bennet. And the very fact that Jane Austen’s characters are so relatable to makes the novel all the more readable. Her writing also appealed to me because of its simplicity. I do not mean to say that her work is easy to understand, but that she uses ‘simple’ English. I found the character of Elizabeth to be very intricately designed for she has timeless appeal. She is by no means perfect but is by far the closest to perfection among all the other women in the novel. Elizabeth is vivacious, teasing, sensitive, perceptive and filled with sparkling beauty and wit. Her dialogues are full of intelligence and precisely crafted often to convey subtle meanings. Elizabeth is Jane Austen’s best, most loved and certainly most popular creation. â€Å"I must confess I think her as delightful a creature as ever appeared in print†, wrote Austen of Elizabeth; few readers have ever disagreed. Elizabeth Bennet contradicts the image of the typical 18th century woman who is born and brought up only with marriage in mind. She has a mind of her own and quite a sharp one at that. She captures and captivates not only Darcy but the readers as well. She has all the qualities in her that were desired in a ‘perfect’ wife. But besides these she has a certain ‘something’ in her that no other woman has. She is a woman far beyond her time and would not seem out of place in today’s world, two centuries later. I think Jane Austen has really created a marvelous masterpiece, which will always survive the changing demands of literature.

Consumer behaviour theory

In the current state of understanding consumer behaviour attitudes are core concept in gaining knowledge of people’s personalities, behaviour and choices they make. In other words answering the question – â€Å"Why do people do what they do? † Along with beliefs and identity they are main factor impacting on individual’s life since everyday choices are made embracing a certain attitude. Unless marketers try to define and pay attention to the psychological need which is encountered by the holding of an attitude they are in a poor position to predict when and how it will change.  (Daniel Katz, 1960)This essay will specify the factors and psychological processes that influence people’s needs and their perceptions of various products. Furthermore it will describe how marketers can apply the Functional Theory of Attitudes to understand and influence consumers’ attitudes and buying behaviour. According to Arnould (2004)†An attitude is a per son’s overall, enduring evaluation of a concept or object, such as a person, a brand or a service† Attitude formation could happen in different ways and it is continual process which is influenced throughout an individual’s lifetime.Some of the influences are internal such as values and beliefs but many of these influences are external, such as family, school, religion, work, peers and, to an increasing extent, the media. The views for companies are based on associations that they have linked them. The Functional theory of attitudes explains consumers’ reasons for holding or changing their attitudes. Daniel Katz (1960) distinguished four functions differing in what roles they perform for the individual.â€Å"According to functional theory, people form attitudes in order to organize, structure and summarize large amounts of information about an object (Grewal et al. 2004)† (Argyriou, E. , & Melewar, T. C. , 2011, pp. 433) The functional theory highli ghts the idea that attitude change occurs when message and motive match (Katz 1960) and suggests that an individual's attitude toward an object is largely determined by what â€Å"function† an attitude serves for the individual.The first attitude function – the utilitarian is expressed in achieving desired needs, consumers stay away from brands which are unlikely  to fulfil their needs. Utilitarian appeal contains informing consumers of one or more key benefits that are perceived to be highly functional or important to aimed consumers. The term â€Å"utilitarian advertising appeal†, is a creative approach that highlights the functional features of a product or a brand. The basic principle is the one of â€Å"expected reward† and a lot of the commercials use this function in order to focus on the product performance attributes or its benefits. For example, most of the automobile advertisings are emphasising on the utilitarian features and characteristics .Place satisfaction is the â€Å"utilitarian value (of a place) to meet certain basic needs† (Guest & Lee, 1983, p. 234) These needs range from sociability to public services to and the perceived quality of, facilities, or visual appearance (Stedman, 2002,pp. 564) The ego-defensive function in which the individuals protects themselves from getting to know truths about internal feelings or the threats of the external world in order to protect their ego and self-image. (Katz, D. , 1960) Nowadays consumers want to be associated with a particular brand or product.This comes from the fact that they want to build up and keep a particular self-image of themselves in the eyes of their peers. Products which aim to avoid anxiety-producing situations are most likely to be purchased. A perfume is a good example of an ego-defensive aimed product because it is used to rise individual’s self-esteem and position in the society. Advertising this kind of â€Å"tools† emphasises o n the social acceptance, confidence, and sexual desirability in order to build a positive attitudes and association with the particular brand. â€Å"You are unique†¦You are Magnifique! The new Feminine Fragrance. † is the slogan of â€Å"Magnifique† by â€Å"Lancome† flattering ones’ Ego. The value-expressive function is the one from which the individual expresses attitudes which correspond to his personal values and to his concept of himself which brings him satisfaction. This is a central function because it stresses the importance of self-expression, self-development, and self-realization. Consumers could form a product attitude not because of its tangible functions or characteristics, but because of what it says about their personality.â€Å"Places contain symbols of different social categories and personal meanings, and represent and maintain identity on different levels and dimensions. There is no social identity that is not also place-related and thing-related† (Grauman, 1983). The organisation of knowledge function is based upon the individual’s need of order, structure or meaning in their life. Striving for â€Å"ordering their universe† comes from the need of standards or frames when it comes to a new product or confusing situation. The consumer sorts all the messages while ignoring the less relevant information.This could result in positive attitude toward the new brand or the new characteristics of the brand. For example, more information is required when a customer is buying car or the additional policies for a mobile phone contract. In conclusion, attitudes toward brands and products are used to predict preferences among brands, buying intentions, or actual choice behaviour. Measure of brand preferences is not the same as measures of intended or actual choice. Marketers have to consider attitudes toward the act of buying or using a product rather than attitudes toward the product itself.

Essay on The art of graffit

Essay on The art of graffit Essay on The art of graffit The Art of Graffiti "Graffiti has been around since man encountered his first stone wall" (George 11). I think it is important for people to recognize this long lasting art’s positive impact on society. Especially for someone living in a big city like Chicago, where graffiti has been popular for almost three decades, it is unrealistic to think it can be avoided (Bisnett 1) . Growing up in Chicago, I have come across multiple types of street art. Whether I’m using public transportation or just walking down the street, my day is inspired by the creative works of art I encounter. In this paper I argue graffiti, which consists of street art and murals, to be art because it draws emotion, expresses artistic skill, and follows aesthetic as well as organizational principles. However, I would not consider every piece of graffiti to be art. For graffiti to be considered art it has to draw emotion. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, one definition of art is, â€Å"the expression or application of creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as a painting, drawing, or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power† (Art 1). Any painting or drawing that has meaning and afflicts emotion is considered art. This applies to graffiti, especially murals, because they usually have a purpose and meaning that draws out emotion. Another example of how graffiti draws emotion is from a quote in the piece "Tags" from Hip Hop America by Nelson George, which talks about a group of people called â€Å"taggers† and how graffiti was incorporated into their lives. George states â€Å"Graffiti was the voice of kids using spray paint and Magic Markers to scream for attention and make art† (12). People used their art to express whatever emotions they were feeling inside in order to be heard by other people. It seems to be that this was a lifestyle activity for many. Whatever emotions someone was feeling at that point in life  ­ whether it be anger, frustration, or passion  ­ they were able to express it to the world through the art of graffiti. Another example from the story of â€Å"Tags† comes from a young entrepreneur ­artist, Fred Braithwaite. Braithwaite got together graffiti artists to work in the downtown art scene, and then conjoined them with the punk rock club scene. In â€Å"Tags† it states, â€Å"his point was that this living, aggressive art was a perfect fit with the same anti establishment attitudes that ruled at punk landmarks like CBGB† (George 12). Just by describing graffiti as a living, aggressive art shows that it brought out some type of emotion and connection. Braithwaite compares graffiti to punk landmarks, which I think both had emotional effects on people. Another example of how graffiti draws emotion is from an article by the Chicago Tribune called "Art Of The City Tells City's Tale" by Phat X. Chiem. Chiem states, â€Å"Graffiti, along with rap music, breakdancing and deejaying, or spinning records, has always served as an expression of hip ­hop culture† (2). Graffiti is one type of device used to express culture, more specifically in the case, hip ­hop culture. Once graffiti was able to express hip ­hop culture, it actually became an important element of the culture. Being an important element, graffiti enhanced meaning and emotion to anyone who connected to the hip ­hop culture. The fact that graffiti is able to express this type of emotion is one of the main reasons it is considered an art. Not only is graffiti art because it draws emotion, it can also be considered art because it demonstrates skill. According to the Oxford English dictionary, another definition for the word art is, â€Å"a skill on doing something, especially as the result of knowledge or practice† (Art 127). In order for something to be considered art, the piece must show it requires skill. Not everyone can paint beautiful murals. It is something one has to acquire that comes

Aggressive and threatening language

Aggressive and threatening language Essay Pip and Magwitch are the most mysterious and strange quasi family in the novel. They are connected but without either knowing for the most part. Its coincidental that the father of the woman loved by Pip is his benefactor, however a benefactor without knowing his own daughter.  The two first meet in the Marshes. Magwitch, a convict demands a file and some wittles (food) at the cost of the boys life. Here, Dickens brings the scene to life with his use of aggressive and threatening language. Pip brings Magwitch what he has asked and hopes never to be associated with such a man again. In Chapter 39 his fears are answered.  A guest visits Pip, a snobbish almost gentleman Pip.  Pip is shocked and horrified as Magwitch gradually discloses he is his benefactor, that Jaggers is his agent. Magwitch has risked being hanged just to return to England (After serving time in Australia) to see his creation his gentleman. Pip finds him repulsive but shelters him and gives him Herberts bed. In discovering Magwitch is his benefactor, Pip is faced with his own vanity and gullibility. His life has been guided by fantasy. Dickens uses some cold language during this chapter to show Pips annoyance and grief that Magwitch unintentionally has caused. When I awoke without having parted in my sleep with the perception of my wretchedness, the clocks of the Eastward churches were striking five, the candles were wasted out, the fire was dead, and the wind and rain intensified the thick black darkness. Pip.  Magwitch, on the contrary is happy about his (mirroring Mrs. Havisham and Estella) creation.   , lookee here, dear boy, he said dropping his voice and laying a long finger on my breast in an impressive manner.  By Chapter 42 the relationship of the two has increased somewhat. Pip manages to get Magwitch to tell him and Herbert his life story, and about Compeyson. Although Magwitch reluctantly tells the two friends the story, telling Pip so much, indicates he may have begun to truly trust Pip. By this chapter, Pip is maturing; he is only now becoming a real gentleman. Magwitch may have spotted this, and this could be the only reason why Magwitch told Pip so much.  However, it is only by Chapter 46 that they become more open towards each other. In this chapter, Herbert and Pip decide to use a boat to get Magwitch out of the country. The use of language is friendlier between Pip and Magwitch.  Dear Boy he answered, clasped my hands, I dont know when we may meet again, and I dont like Good-Bye, say Good-Night! Good Night!  The use of exclamation marks is more frequent and the actual dialogue is friendlier.  Chapter 54 is the almost escaped chapter. Magwitch gets captured and the reader now sees there is genuine care for Magwitch from Pip, as he promises never to leave his side. During the journey, Magwitch is strangely passive. This may imply that he is going to miss Pip, and he trusts Pip.  Pips failure to export Magwitch out of country makes him pity Magwitch. During Chapter 56, we notice their relationship at its strongest. Magwitch is sentenced to death for his crimes, but dies naturally before. Pip is at his bedside. Pips and Magwitchs language is solemn, as if with a lump in their throat. They have become good friends. Pips final words Youre daughter is beautiful and I love her is a sweet end to an otherwise bitter life, and more fulfilling than having created a gentleman.  The language and emotions shared between them is one as if theyre father and son, which links with Magwitch said back in Chapter 39 READ: Death Of A Salesman EssayLookee here, Pip. Im your second father. Youre my son more to me nor any son. Magwitch, pg.313 Bottom.  The devotion between Pip and Magwitch shows there is a genuine love between them.  O Lord, be merciful to him, a sinner!  Magwitchs created gentleman has now really become a gentleman.  The grouping of Pip and Magwitch is the only one that actually works as a whole. The grouping/quasi family features qualities that keep the grouping together and functional. The members of group rely and can trust each other, they pity each other and they love each other. As a whole none of the other quasi families feature these qualities and so, can be called dysfunctional.

Computer Sciences and Information Technology Coursework

Computer Sciences and Information Technology - Coursework Example Outsourcing aids in mitigation of risks, through pieces of training to employees by professionals, outsourced on subjects as catastrophes, hazards and prevention methods, and hence there are minimal injuries. Due to competition amongst companies, research on new products and services is very crucial, this entails introduction of new processing lines, improvement in service delivery, analysis and testing of the new products among others, All these requires the input of a third party and it will involve outsourcing as the introduction of the new techniques requires professionals (Belohlavek, 2007). Insourcing is a business model in which a company awards a contract or give a certain task to its’ own employees and hence work that would have been done by a third party is done in-house. Through the use of its’ employees in carrying out functions, there is the creation of a team of skilled personnel who understands the system better, this ultimately improves the efficiency and tasks are done well and at the right time. Insourcing also aids in the reduction of the cost of labor as insourcing requires the input of permanent personnel employed by the firm (Belohlavek, 2007). I.T portfolio management system entails the use of scoring model systems in rating projects whereby a list of criteria is developed whereby projects are rated on each criterion to yield attractiveness scores for each project and hence projects can be rated in relation to the attractiveness scores. There are different kinds of scoring systems; Celanese scoring model, Dupont scoring model, Exfo model and computer-based scoring model. Scoring models are very important and they are a source of data which is utilized in meetings whereby project attractiveness is compared to cut off criterion, thereby in portfolio review stage the outputs used in ranking the projects.Lack of physical evidence when testifying jeopardise the computer crime cases, relying on second hand information or hearsay may bring forth doubts on the evidence presented. If an expert use difficult technical terms that are difficult to understand to the jury or attorney when testifying, understanding of the evidence presented may be difficult. Use of unqualified experts in testifying a computer crime case is a great challenge as the expert lacks the understanding of the subject matter and may end up presenting substandard evidence moreover he/she may be emotional if provocative questions are posed, moreover they hav e no knowledge on the legal process (Belohlavek, 2007).